Saturday, January 2, 2010

Judaism and Islam: Incompatible? Pt 3-Muhammad a Prophet?

Most Jews believe that the time of the prophets is over, as the Talmud says. Based on this, they reject Muhammad believing that there are no more prophets. However, there have always been Jewish and non-Jewish prophets. The Tanakh names many non-Jewish prophets, including Job, Adam, and Noah. It is possible in Judaism for a non-Jewish prophet to be as great as the Moses and all the patriarchs, as many Jewish sources say Balaam was.
Although the time of prophecy has ended for Jews, there is no evidence in Scripture or in Jewish literature that it ended at any specific time for non-Jews. Indeed, the verses stating that the time of prophecy was drawing to a close only indicate this for Jews. As it is written, "For the children of Israel shall sit solitary many days without king, and without prince, and without sacrifice, and without pillar, and without ephod or teraphim;" (Hosea 3:4). Thus the decision by many Jews to reject Muhammad based on this alone is not merited. Therefore, I would like to appeal to Jews to judge Muhammad based on his merits, seeing if he fulfilled the qualifications of a prophet.
Rambam says that a prophet is authenticated by performance of a wondrous sign or by accurate prediction of the future. Then, he says, we must examine the character of the man to see if he is one who is fit for prophecy. He should be wise, learned, and moral. However, there are cases when divine inspiration takes over even though the individual is not learned and has not studied the curriculum Rambam felt was necessary before taking their role as a prophet. This was the case of Jonah and of Amos. Jonah was a common man according to Jewish tradition. He went to the Temple during the time of the festival of water pouring, at which time he was endowed with prophecy and was sent on his mission to Ninevah. He was afraid because he did not have the education to be a prophet and tried to avoid his mission. Similarly, Amos said, "I was no prophet, nor a prophet's son (disciple); but I was a herdsman, and a dresser of sycamore trees." (Amos 7:14).
The singularly most important qualification, the one that distinguishes between true and false prophets among otherwise qualified candidates, is whether or not the prophet instructs people to follow the laws of God. I wish to invite Jews to examine whether Muhammad fulfilled these qualifications.

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